Literature review on the cognitive processes involved with face recognition Essay

To human creations, facial nerve comprehension is non only essential for recognition of soulfulnesss in the fond context, but also a alert social tool. There ar various reasons why facial recognition treat is a vital to human beings. Facial recognition serves an essential design of discovering members within our society as a result, we ar qualified to film those that we discharge socialize with that aid our survival in society.For instance, the males are able to select or identify the female and establish relationship that results to doggedness of genesis (Matsuo, Nakai, 1998, p. 110). While strong relationship and bonding exhibited in pay back to child are facilitated by the facial recognition aspect.The new(prenominal) vital function played by the facial recognition function is its mogul to give randomness about unmarrieds emotional attitude through behavior aspect like a smile or gloominess which serves as a mode of communication. Therefore, due to this s ignifi tushce enormousness of the facial recognition, psychologists have shown interest in studying the cognitive bear ones tough in facial recognition. In this line of thought, this paper shall examine and disk the cognitive processes and systems involved in facial recognition by individuals. encode of incline by individualIt is a common knowledge that in order for a person to tell apart the formulation, the boldness features or cues must be encoded first in the long term holding. Thus, understanding face encoding precedes the recognition action. The first and initial distributor points of facial coding are referred to as structural encoding. In this stage, the ocular culture is encoded from the face into the development that shall provide information or be a data curse to face recognition systems in the stage of facial recognition.Encoding takes position in two separate processes, with the first one being put one over concentrate on description that encodes the fa cial features like beards, color, eyes, nose, mouth and eyebrows which can be identified when viewed at an angle. From initial onsite of a person view centered description is involved in perceptual input that records the aspects of the face including its features. From the information input from the view cantered description, information is further processed to create a structural model of the face that facilitates comparison with other faces in memory.The assist part of the processes is the expression independent descriptions that take its inputs from the view centered expressions. This plump for phase uses the already processed structural model of the face which is transferred to fanciful FRUs (face recognition units) (Matsuo, Nakai, 1998, p. 113) that will be now coded in semantic memory and would allow the facial recognition based on this stored information.In other words, facial recognition starts from basic perceptual manipulations on the sensory information to derive detai ls about the person that generate cognitive major power to recall meaningful details of a person by visual perception his or her face. Properly encoded face features enables the retrieval of features that relate to relevant historic experiences of the individual and name that assists in recognizing the person.After structural encoding of the face features into FRUs, there are other parallel processes which exit like expression analysis processing stage receiving inputs from the view-centered process whereby an individual would analyze facial expression and imagine. But for the persons with brain damage cannot interpret expressions but can recognize faces.This is because these individuals with damaged brain, they can see facial features movements but they can not read the meaning of this facial features movement. Other parallel processes stage after encoding of the facial features into the FRUs is the facial nomenclature analysis. This facial speech analysis stage of processing h elps to separate distinct information from normal information that gives more meaning to the encoded information (Shepherd, 2008, p. 320).Face recognition and realisationAfter the information has been encoded into the semantic memory and can be used, the person visual perception shall be active and ready to retrieve features to identify the face. According to Pretty and Benson, (2001) they states that face recognition involves stages that involve FRUs (Face Recognition Units). FRUs are nodes within individuals long term memory that are associated with familiar face.When an individual eyes as a sensory pipe organ sees an individual face which is referred to as a stimuli, it results to activating that is fed into FRUs. in spite of appearance the FRUs there is inhibition and active activation, the node that reaches aim of threshold activation will correspond to the face being observed, shall result to that face being recognized.While nodes that do not reach threshold activation l evel shall not correspond to the face being observed, therefore it will not be recognized. After recognizing the face, the FRUs and PINs (Persons Identifying Nodes) links and PINs receive input from the FRUs. This linkage enables the PINs to process and provide necessary information about the person. However, it is important to note that FRUs and PINs interact at levels of subjects reaction time and name generation process for complete facial recognition. This is a simple process that leads to an individual recognizing and identifying the face of a friend or stranger.Possible breaks associated with face recognitionMost researches indicate that there are various errors that may occur in the process of facial recognition (Parkin, 2000 Retterstol, 2004). The errors are attributed to the brain disorders or neurologic illness associated with such patients that are likely to make such errors. The dominant error is Prosopagnosia as a face perception disorder. Prosopagnosia is an handic ap in recognizing faces that is usually caused by brain injury or neurological illness. In this case of Prosopagnosia, an individuals ability to understand face is impaired, as a result, he or she can not recognize a face despite other perceptual skills like incisive objects and recognizing remaining intact.The other error associated in facial recognition is misidentification. Misidentification error which is as a result of a syndrome which psychologist scholars refer to it as psychoneurotic misidentification syndrome being a branch of the disorders which are caused by either neurological or mental illness to a patient. Misidentification error occurs as a result of a patient believing that the identity of an object or place or a person has well-nighhow changed or has been altered. For instance, some patients with Delusional misidentification syndrome believe that close relative has been replaced is an example of the misidentification (Blakemore, 1970, p. 216)ReferenceParkin, A.J. (2000) ingrained cognitive Psychology Psychology Press,Retterstol, N. (2004). Delusional misidentification syndromes Psychopathology 27117120.Matsuo, K. & Nakai, T (1998) Cognitive Studies Journal of Cognitive Psychology vol.5, p.100118.Blakemore, C. (1970). The representation of three dimensional visual spaces Journal of Physiology, 209, 155178.Shepherd, J. (2008) Face recognition accuracy as a function of mode of representation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 180187