Separating of Compounds

We sess use many of Technique or regularitys for separating of compounds or mixtures and we can by that methods studying of kinetic for reactions ,determine of reaction count and reaction found . both(prenominal) of those methods are mass spectrometric , spectrometric ,Chromatographic and Conductance Methods .But in this paper I just let out about chromatographic method . exactly, gas pedal chromatography .ChromatographyA method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemicalsThe separation, especially of closely related compounds, by allowing a solution or mixture to seep through an adsorbent (such as clay, gel, or paper) so each compound becomes adsorbed into a sepa direct, often colored, layer.Chromatography is a common name for techniques based on the partitioning of the molecules to be analyzed among a mobile and a stationary phase. Separation is the result of assorted partitions of molecules between the two phases. Because the best separation of any solutes can be o btained under equilibrium conditions, uninflected chemists prefer to use chromatographic systems that are as near to the equilibrium state as possible.However, in the case of preparative chromatography, where the main objective is not the optimal separation of solutes but the maximum move over of angiotensin converting enzyme or to a greater extent solutes at a given purity, the situation is entirely different. Preparation chromatographic separations are generally not equilibrium processes.The high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility of chromatographic methods have been extensively use in food and nutrition science and technology.Gas chromatography methods that are used for studying first-order reaction kinetics by gas chromatography (1) classical kinetic methods where samples of batch-wise kinetic studies are analyzed by enantioselective gas chromatography, (2) stopped-flow methods performed on one chiral column, (3) stopped-flow methods performed on an achiral colum n or empty capillary coupled in series with two chiral columns, (4) on-flow method performed on an achiral column coupled in series with two chiral columns, and (5) reaction gas chromatography, known as a dynamic gas chromatography.The following procedures have been developed to determination peak electron orbits of reaction constituents in such complex chromatogramsmethods based on computer-assisted simulations of chromatograms where the kinetic activation parameters for the interconversion of enantiomers are obtained by iterative comparing of experimental and simulated chromatograms,stochastic methods based on the simulation of Gaussian distribution functions and using a term-dependent luck density function,approximation function and unified equation,computer-assisted peak deconvolution methods.Fast reaction chemical reaction between metal vitamin Cate and acid.- Reaction between atomic number 20 carbonate and hydrochloric acid CaCO3 + 2HCl - CaCl2 + H2O + carbonic acid gasRe action between reactive metal and water .-reaction between lithium and water 2Li + 2H2O - 2LiOH + H2Combustion .-combustion of magnesium in oxygen .2Mg + O2 - 2MgOPrecipitation (double decomposition )-precipitation of silver (I) chloride AgNO3 + HCl - AgCl + HNO3Rate The enume set out can be taproomd using apparatus on the right step of reaction = dCaCl2 / t ,or dcarbonic acid gas / t or dH2O the rate can be decrement or increase with change of temperature , concentration , pressure , surface area or size of molecules .Concentration when the concentration is decrease the rate decrease .example 3 g of calcium carbonate react with 5 g of hydrochloric acid to produce 3 g of carbon dioxide in 10s at 25C and 1atm. rate = -d CaCO3 / t = -d3 / 10 . but we decrease of concentration of calcium carbonate to 2 .rate = -d2 / 10 .Pressure and temperature also when decrease the pressure or temperature the rate decrease .example 3 g of calcium carbonate react with 5 g of hydrochloric acid t o produce 3 g of carbon dioxide in 10s at 25C and 1atm. rate = -d CaCO3 / t = -d3 / 10s . but the time is increase to 20s , because the pressure decrease to 0.5 and temperature decrease to 15 , so the rate = -d 3 / 20s . in a chemical reaction the reactant decrease over time and product increase over time .The rate will decrease over time as the hydrochloric acid is used up (its concentration decreases)The graph in after page shows the volume of gas produced over time in the reaction between HCl and CaCO3 .All three reactions result in the same nitty-gritty of CO2 gas being produced however the higher the concentration of HCl, the faster the rate of reaction, thus the little time it takes for the reaction to be complete .The table below shows the time taken to produce 50cm3of CO2for each concentration of HCl Rate of reaction / cm3 of CO2 s-1 Time take to produce 50 cm3 of CO2/1s Concentration of HCl /mold m-30.86 58 2.00.42 120 2.00,21 235 0.5From the results in the table above, it can be worked out that the rate of reaction is directionally proportional to the concentration of hydrochloric acid, so if you halve the concentration of HCl will be halved, if you quarter the concentration, the rate will be quartered . rate = k HCl1 Order The order of a reaction is not needfully an integer.The following orders are possible Zero A zero order indicates that the concentration of that species does not actuate the rate of a reaction .Negative integer A negative order indicates that the concentration of that species INVERSELY affects the rate of a reaction .Positive integer A positive order indicates that the concentration of that species DIRECTLY affects the rate of a reaction .Non-Integer Non-integer orders, both positive and negative, represent more intricate relationships between concentrations and rate in more complex reactions.So, in The reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid is said to be first order with respect to hydrochloric acid .This is becau se the rate depends upon the concentration of hydrochloric acid to the power one .Technique we can measure of rate of carbon dioxide by gas chromatography , gas chromatography can separating of compound by boiling spirit level , and you can analyze results on your computer and measuring of rate of CO2 .and you can determine of rate by flow reaction that may be is easer method .