Native Americans in the United States and Short Story Essay

Nacirema The Body Ritual among the Nacirema is a footling horizontal surface just about a native American tribe. It wasnt until more enquiry on my part that I realized that this tribe did not exist. In fact it is a folk tale told in mineworkers own words. In true form Miner gives hint to this small story the Nacirema culture to that of the our culture today. Nacirema is in fact spelled American(Culture). The Nacirema has a hero named Notgnihsaw spelled uppercase backwards. There are many similarities to this story as our American culture. Out of similarities Washington is our hero. He was the first President of the united States.Legend has it that Washington threw a silver dollar across the Potomac River, such(prenominal) like the Nacirema threw their native beads across their Pa-To-Mac River. Another story has Washington cut upping down a cherry tree. But did Washington actually chop the tree down? For he could not tell a lying. As Americans we impart rituals and cultural identities Every household has its shrine a great deal(prenominal) like the Nacirema. Not all shrines are made alike. Is the shrine our homes, our churches, or our bathrooms? Shrines rise up in all walks of life. Miner gives the perception that the working clear go to work and make capital.If you overhear very little property your home is small much like a tent. The more money you make the bigger your home is which is made of brick and mortar. He discuses a special(prenominal) charm box built into the wall (medicament cabinet). Within this box is appeal of magical potions (medicine) where all members of the tribe have faith that he/she cannot break without. The most powerful of these are the medicine men, whose assistance must be rewarded with substantial gifts. However, the medicine men do not provide the remediation potions for their clients, but decide what the ingredients should be and then write them down in an ancient and secret language.This writing is understood o nly by the medicine men and by the herbalists who, for another gift, provide the required charm. (Miner) This indicates folks going away to the doctor that write the prescriptions to filled by the pharmacy. Miner talks about how members bow theirs heads in front of the box much like that of rinse our hands. The Catholics have a similar ritual of dipping of the fingers in the holy peeing and doing the sign of the cross(Holy water) or kneeling before entering the pew(ReligionManners in). The Nacirema have a morbid fascination with their mouths.If it werent for the rituals of the mouth, they believed their teeth would fall out, their gums bleed. If these things would have happened they believed their lovers would disown them. The daily body ritual performed by everyone includes a mouth-rite. (Miner) This is much like the flossing or frictioning of our teeth. The floss or bristles on our tooth brush we use is similar to the hogs hairs. The magical powders is that of the tooth past e we brush our teeth with. Miner maintains that the Americans right of passage in ways to throw off the readers.Themes as visiting the doctor, surgical operations, and sex are talked about. I initially didnt take this story serious in reading it. After fundamental research to get a better understanding of the writing I got a eye opening. This story reminds me much of a recent short story A Modest Proposal. Both has similarities of rituals and tales of people. I come from a family of rituals with last names that carry on from family to family or inclined the middle name of your mother first name. We are all impact the needs of our own tribes whether it be the Americans, Nacirema or Vietnamese into how each is stereotyped.

Medical Equipment Inc

Medical Equipment INC Q1) No, Grover thought that he has a undecomposed go steadying for the culture beca social occasion he was raised in Saudi Arabia, only if the reality is he grew in an expatriate deepen with limited contact with the Saudi people or the Saudi culture. He went to an Indian school and then went to take his college degree in the USA. His internships gave him the opportunity to prepare in France and the United States. The internships prepared him to turn tail in the sphere of influence but Saudi line of descent concept is foreign to him.Grover did not understand the Saudi culture and missed some critical points while he was trying to get the struggle. He k tender that relativeships are important in making business line in Saudi Arabia which is completely true. The problem was he measure-tested to build relations with the wrong persons the foreign cardiologist, the Egyptian bio medical examination organise and the purchasing manager, but he could not r solely(prenominal) the purchasing director. In a hierarchy community as Saudi Arabia the purchasing director is the most important one to build a relation with he is the one who dejection ready Grover the deal.Grover spent his time building relation with people who cant athletic supporter him with the deal. It was obvious for me that Al Humaidi was avoiding run across with Grover and when he fin onlyy met him after approximately one month it was a formal conversion. I lived in Saudi Arabia for 9 years and from my cause Saudis only have a say in Saudi Arabia. Foreigners or non Saudi Arabs working there have no say when it comes to business deals.A Saudi get out al vogues prefer to work with an Arab like Najjar and not an Indian because of the language and religious similarities this whitethorn heavy(a) harsh but is true especially in a side like this where Al Humaidi had constituted a long relation with Najjar. Q2) sully is never seriousified and it is un ethical, unless you are working in a pharmaceutic company or in a medical equipment company. I am a pharmacist who worked in Egypt and lived in Saudi Arabia and from my experience that all the deals in this field need bribes.Bribes are not ethical at all but are a special K practice in field of pharmaceutical and medical equipment companies. In Grovers slipperiness its within company rules to offer a parapraxis to a business customer to one of the showrooms to view and get more details regarding medical equipments latest software and technology. This can be considered a bride but its not as obvious as cash. Cash briberys is not allowed, and would be a mistake. The hospital that Al Humaidi industrial plant for is a government owned one with a large budget to work with so if Grover offered money this wouldnt be viewed as an incentive to pervert the medical equipment.In Egypt companies give the mangers of the client gifts depending on the field that the company works in and how popular and attrac tive the actual product being offered is. I remember a famous company that produces the devices that measures blood sugar level, in a way to promote its devices the company offered the product free to the physicians and the pharmacies with the s excursions require so the physician can use it himself on patients or give it as a gift or use it in his clinic and the apothecarys shop of course testament use it to measure the blood sugar level for the customer.The company leave alone get double benefit, the physician and the drugstore will advertise the product to the patient by using this device and the patient will be advised to buy one. Q3) Grover has limited survival of the fittests that may be accept sufficient. There are 4 options I see as potential the first one is to continue in his way of conducting business. Grovers true plan of action is morally and ethically safe, will not extend any rules of the company or of his conscious but he may lose the deal.The second option is to proceed with the wind up offer which will give him a chance to win the deal and in the similar time he can document it as a business expense so it will not look as a bribe. As a show of commitment Grover should accompany Al Humaidi to the trip to help build a long lasting relationship. By exit on the trip with Al Humaidi he can try to in force(p) the current deal and also build for the future by assure Al Humaidi that Medical Equipment INC. will be ready to work with him and be there for support and logistical backup and no also bear the best, outstanding technology for a reason sufficient price.The third option is to defecate a plan B and try to secure a sale regardless of the size, just to try and get in good kick upstairs with Al Humaidi with a potential of future business. It seems that even with careful analysis and generating a sales plan that offered all the best equipment according to the hospitals ineluctably this was still not adequate to secure the sale. From what Grover knows now he can create a plan B and modify the list of equipment that is offered and point it to the needs of the engineering and cardiology department only.The ECG machine that is being offered is out-of-the-way(prenominal) superior to that of the equivalent product that Wilsons is offering. Knowing this and already having established a positive relationship with Dr. Saxman, Grover can push the both products that allurement more to the hospital. If the desired sale of $725,000USD worth of equipment is out of reach, then Grover could go forward with plan B and put an emphasis on the two ranges of products that Medical Equipment INC. has the edge over.While implementing this plan Grover already knows he is in good place with the cardiology department and engineering department so he could work again with the purchasing manager Sultan and persuade him to schedule a meeting between the cardiology, engineering department, Sultan and Al Humaidi to discuss the new p lan. This way not only would Grover have the support of the department but he would have a Saudi in Sultan to help push this new idea. Al Humaidi will be still able to take the two devices from Grover and take the other devices the hospital needs from Najjar.In the case it was mentioned that the low or high estimation of the order is wrong and will result in losing the deal but in Grover case he make the right evaluation of the need of the hospital but he will provide just 2 devices of these needs and this is acceptable, during my work in a governmental institution that need medical devices I axiom a lot of deals involve buying the needs of the institution from 2 and 3 different companies depend on the price and the quality of the devices each company offers. So it is not weird or strange to just provide part of the needs even when you can provide it all it depends on the situation of the deal.The One option that would cause him to lose the deal is to offer cash to Al Humaidi. For one Grover would not be able record the cash gift and it would be highly against company ethic code. If an unethical cash type bride was offered, Grover would not be able to foreknow the reaction of Al Humaidi and the deal could be lost and Grover could risk his chisel or worse be deported from the country. Q4) I think the best option is to go with the trip option. In my field of work in pharmacy I saw these trips happen a lot and it is a common practice in the pharmaceutical and medical equipment companies.Its an acceptable way to close the deals and gives the seller a higher percentage of closing the deal. So I think this trip will give him a colossal opportunity to win this deal especially if he went with the director in it and build a good relation with him and at the same time Grover wont risk his position in the company because it is not considered a bribe or unethical for the medical equipments company. If the trip did not secure the deal he can always use plan B which wil l be easier to use after the trip because of the good relation he built with Al Humaidi.

Airborne: United States Postal Service and Express Mail

A five force analysis consists of five move being threat of substitutes, ease of entry and exit, bargain power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and degree of rivalry. The threat of substitutes for jobborne, in the internal read trip grocery store, came from two an new(prenominal)(prenominal) hulky firms Federal state and the United postal Service. FedEx, UPS, and airborne together held an 85% market sh be. Fedex held roughly 45% of the domestic get dark market and was considered the industry troikaer, however disputed. Their name was synonymous with send something overnight.Almost like when at a restaurant we collection a degree Celsius, no matter what the exact brand is the waitress leave alone take care what we want. The United Parcel Service, UPS, was the largest mailboat speech telephoner in the origination and held a 25% market share of the domestic expedited position value. airborne was under the constant threat of substitutes, which were cruci al. The ease of entry and exit into the expedited accouterments pitch market is very difficult. Planes, transports, personal, facilities, equipment tout ensemble need to be in place forward all the same one package is successfully delivered.Buyers had a good deal bargaining power in that the three largest domestic expedited mail carriers all(prenominal) offered similar products, next forenoon address for fourth dimension sensitive items. Price, reliability, glide path to tracking, node portion, and convince of drop-off locations were all things that the customer many quantify would consider before choosing their carrier. The bargaining power of suppliers was overly strong. The tangible speech of the package was only a crock up of the serve offered to customers.The major companies also made it possible to track packages en route, guarantee on time portion, and even exit logistical consulting service. The degree of rivalry was very utmost(prenominal) mingled w ith these companies, in the aboriginal 1990s industry observers called the competition between FedEx and Ups the pathway war. Each ships friendship would not only match apiece former(a)s prices but also their engineering science and function calculate mobile UPS Fedex Products Offered 1 2 1 Target Customers 1 2 2 Competitive Positioning 3 2 1 pecuniary Performance 1 1 1 coating 2 1 3 Land Ops 2 1 1 Air Ops 2 1 1 Marketing and Sales 2 1 1 Customer Service 1 2 2 IT 3 2 1 Totals 18 14 14 Lowest=Best airborne is strong in its products offered in always seeming to be on the forefront and targeting customers economicly. Unlike FedEx and UPS, mobile possess the airport that served as its major hub in Wilmington, Ohio. As a result airborne did not consecrate to tolerate fees to the airport and could fix any obstacles that they came across at their own set without having to consult with any outside parties.airborne also incompatibleiated by not having its own retail servic e centers and owning only a flock of their deliverance vans. These were both(prenominal) appeal saving variediators, hiring independent contractors to pickup and delivery was 10% less expensive. airborne did not market to the mass media kind of they targeted the personal indoors companies who were in charge of logistics in order to get larger more profitable accounts. Providing flexible, custom solutions for their customers was also a going away in profession plans that airborne however FedEx and UPS also began to claim this.Ensure that Airborne survives and thrives in the future, the company would need to re chief(prenominal) competitive with UPS and Fedex. Airbornes kin with RPS was beneficial because RPS had connections to the heart of UPSs customer base in the form of large lot stage business concern customers. The physical dispersal of Airborne and RPS were drop offly separate. To survive, I would suggest that Airborne form a stronger relationship not just sha ring of marketing and fare information. How and why has the declare mail industry structure evolved in recent years?How pee-pee the changes affected down(p) competitors? The US prove mail industry is passing con unharmedated. 85% of the market is served by 3 service providers. There are six second tier players who serve the remaining 15%. FedEx and UPS lead the industry in services and innovation. The fol confuseding trends keep back been observed in this Industry. Services A host of services are provided to suit the involve to different businesses. Overnight deportation and next-morning delivery are most best-selling(predicate) amongst other services like next-afternoon delivery and second day service.Same-day and early on-next morning services are even termslier. Shipment hatfuls have risen over the decade however the rise in revenues has not been complimentary, collect to move prices. Customers it is imperative for businesses to facilitate fast information dissemi nation. distill mails have provided a medium for establishing this. All businesses and individuals today use this service. Contrary to the traditional belief, items being shipped are high value compared to high weight. These items are time-sensitive. Customers have different criterias to decide which service provider to use.With advancements in engineering science, this industry has become passing change, there by providing better customer service with relation to parcel tracking, pick up services etc. The decision matrix in general includes brand name, reliability, price, customer service etc. Customers are generally not loyal as switching costs are negligible. Operations roughly players use the hub-and-spoke model. major hubs act as collecting prime for mail from all over America. The mails are then(prenominal) screen and then sent off to respective destinations.Priority is given to early-next and next-morning mails. Planes land and take off all through the night. Capi tal expenditure related to a hub is super high. Both FedEx and UPS emphasize on improving the sorting capacity Airborne indicate grew very rapidly in the late 1990s, outperforming both of its main rivals, FedEx and UPS. When evaluating the success of Airborne, it is evident that the organization employed a strategy of abject cost leaders, utilizing tactics surrounding efficiencies, cost reductions, market focus, and rigid budgeting.Early in its history, the company targeted a certain market, primarily businesses that shipped large volumes of imperative items to other businesses. This focus allowed Airborne to avoid markets of marginal value. In addition, Airborne contain cost minimization in key functional areas such as technology, marketing, and overhead. Airborne was very selective in their investment in technology and innovation, allowing premier(prenominal) adapters to pave the way. The automation they did provide, such as FOCUS and the electronic submission of rapture in formation, saved money on labor y reducing manual data entry requirements. Also, Airborne did not further in mass media, but rather targeted selective logistics managers of major shippers, creating a courting style sales environment (Airborne, p. 12). This allowed for long term partnerships with retroflex business. Overhead was kept around 30% less than main rivals. These types of actions, among others performed by Airborne, all repoint to low cost leadership. When analyzing the role of resources in the firm, Airborne has strong tangible, intangible, and capability resources in their favor.For example, Airborne owned the airport that served as its major hub, including the storage warehouses that surrounded the airport, which they leased to business customers (Airborne, p. 11). In addition, Airborne owned a fleet of 175 aircraft, although used they provided Airborne the opport unit of measurementy to personalise the outfitting of each aircraft to their loading require. Airbor ne also owned a portion of its delivery trucks, using independent contractors to provide balance on labor costs, fuel, and truck maintenance. A lack of heart and souls in the hub also kept labor costs down.A niche market of large corporate clients with solid sales relationships was among the capability resources. Along with a large amount of justness and cash, Airborne was situated to be a very strong company. dapple there are many threats to the sustainability of low cost leadership, one of the biggest threats is imitation, particularly in businesses using the internet (DLE, p. 177). Airborne, due to its business model, was both theme to and immune to this threat. Because it waited for others to test new technologies first, Airborne reaped the benefits of rivals work.For example, Airborne created a software product system, its Freight On-Line overlook and Update System (FOCUS), which imitated Federal press out humanity, and allowed customers to trace packages themselves rat her than rely on company representatives. Because Airborne custom-built its innovation practices after already successful programs, they challenged rivals sustainability in the market. On the other hand, Airborne also developed new technologies, like those associated with Xerox see and delivery, which gave Airborne the ability to deliver Xerox packages before 8AM.This method was soft imitated by FedEx and UPS, which enabled the rivals to provide the same service to their entire customer base, quite of just one client. Airborne was unable to capitalize on the technical advancement after the initial introduction, and therefore, suffered a low cost leadership sustainability threat. - Basic Information ofAirborne Express Case Number 9-798-070 generator Jan W. Rivkin Publisher Harvard occupancy Publishing Year Feb 5, 1998 Course Category strategy -Case Summaryof Airborne Express 1997 Airborne Express quarterly revenues up by 29%, and YTD net earnings ad increased by more than 500% . Third largest player in comport mail industry. Boost from the recent peach at rival UPS. Fastest outgrowth company in the industry, but thin margins. Federal Express had of late raised prices. Previous year Fed Ex and UPS launched new services and pricing schemes o UPS moved to distance- ground pricing, with prices raised on long-distance shipments, get down on short-distance shipments. Fed Ex followed suit in 1997. Would Airborne? The Express Mail Industry in the United States Services provided include physical shipment of packages, shipment tracking, on-time service guarantees, customs clearance expedition, warehousing services, logistics consulting services Customers o Businesses In industries such as financial services and consulting, express mail had become the standard means of delivering docs o Typical shipments business docs, electronic components, medical samples, and replacement parts. o Customer base broadening. bundle of goods considered perishable or time-sens itive increasing over time. Acceleration in the gait of business increased express volume shipped by each customer. principal(prenominal) consideration factors when deciding whether to ship an item express mail were importunity of shipment and price Carrier selection based off of coitus price, carrier reliability, brand name, tracking capabilities, customer service, drop-off convenience, and/or habit. Discounts based on volume encouraged customers to focus on one carrier. However, customers pitch not to be loyal when a contract expires. Operations 1. full-size fleet of vans and drivers. Drivers leave central depot and collect packages. At point of pick up, hand-held estimator used to scan the packages barcode and enter package data.Data transferred to central computer, which determined routing. Package scanned at each subsequent transfer points so that the company could track its progress. 2. Packages driven to airport, hardened in containers, which were, in turn, placed on c ompany-operated cargo shrouds. Upon landing at airport, usually around 11 pm, crew, using special equipment, unloaded bed sheet in 20 minutes. Second crew simultaneously servicing plane in prep for outbound flight of stairs. 3. Cargo containers taken to hangar, where packages are sorted according to final destination. Labor-intensive.Once sorted, packaged placed in containers and loaded onto planes. Planes typically depart from 3 am 4 am. Planes landed around 6 am at destination airports. 4. Packages unloaded, distributed to vans, and delivered to final destinations. set down-priority packages follow slightly different route more likely to travel by truck rather than air. Heavy investment in large hub facilities, air and ground fleets. inclined to customer service and innovative information systems. Competition Domestic Express Mail Market 3 major players = Fed Ex, UPS, Airborne Express, helping 85% of the market. nd tier players BAX Global, DHL Worldwide Express, Eme ry Worldwide, Roadway Package System, trinitrotoluene Express Worldwide, US Postal Service. US Postal Service served a lot of the remaining 15% of the market, popular due to the convenience of the post parting to residential customers. However, prohibited by law from offering volume discounts to business customers. Also, could not track packages efficiently, and poor delivery record. DHL, TNT think on international market. o DHL offered extensive service in hard-to-reach areas of the globe. Required intimacy of customs procedures and officials to clear customs quickly.Not heavily invested in domestic capabilities. BAX Global, Emery focused on heavy cargo RPS focused on 2-day delivery via a ground network, targeting price-sensitive business customers. Known for efficient ground transport and sophisticated IT. Fax, email Compete on multiple fronts, including prices, products, and customer service Major Competitors Federal Express o 45% domestic express mail market o History Invented the industry. Prior to founding, express deliveries flew as cargo in holds of passenger planes. Frederick Smith, proposed an airline dedicated solely to express delivery of mail.Argued airlines designed to carry passengers suboptimal for carrying express mail. Any route acceptable for a package as long as it arrives on time. Hub-and-spoke routing more efficient for express mail. Packages would be collected at a angiotensin-converting enzyme airport, sorted, and sent to their destinations. 1971, Federal Express incorporated. Target market focused on small packages, which were largely ignored by other air carriers. higher(prenominal) barriers to entry assembling fleet of jets, constructing a hub in Memphis, securing initial customers, and gaining governmental approval in highly regulated airline industry.Service started in April, 1973. 1983, reached $1 billion in revenue, the first company to do so at bottom 10 years of start up, without acquisition. o Technology COSMOS, central computer system, coordinated vehicles, people, packages, routes, and weather information. Supertrackers used by couriers to enter in package info Digitally Assisted Dispatch System (DADS) directed couriers to pickup locations and uploaded info from Supertrackers to COSMOS Gave customers Powership computer terminals and tape drive software to prepare shipping paperwork, streamline billing, and track shipments. www. fedex. com o Marketing SalesAggressive marketing led to wide recognized mottoes graduate(prenominal) denote expenditures + sales reps + money-back guarantee o volume Culture People, Service, ProfitWhen people are placed first, they will provide the highest possible service, and profits will follow. Promoted from within. No layoffs policy. Cross-trained employees and cultivated a large part-time workforce. Extensive employee-training programs Employees given wide latitude to make decisions on their own. Expected to take risks and resolve problems on own. Em phasis on communication. FXTV place daily company news, weather conditions, competition info, etc.Formal compensation system. Managers incentive pay based on performance against negotiated objectives, employee satisfaction playing a significant role. Hourly workers were also eligible for bonuses. o supranational Ventures 1985, Fred Smiths tidy sum of global delivery of express mail. However, expensive. 1992, overseas operating losings topped $600 million, so company scaled back. Relied on partner companies to complete deliveries. United Parcel Service (UPS) o Largest package delivery company in the world, but most volume not express mail, travelled via ground network. History Founded in 1907 as a messenger service. Repositioned itself as the delivery arm of major department stores. 1950s automobile ownership widespread, retail stores moved to suburbs. Repositioned again around common carrier service to deliver parcels in general, not just department store deliveries, by truck. Only reached goal of complete national coverage in 1980s, due to legal and regulatory battles to deliver within and between states. 1953, coupled ground network with cargo services of major airlines to offer two-day delivery service. 1981, purchases first aircrafts. 987, took direct control of all air trading operations. USPS viewed as main rival. cerebrate on reducing costs since rates were highly regulated. Charged single(a) price to all customers. Saved money by picking up at companys convenience and not investing in collecting info (could not track packages easily). Late 1980s/early 1990s, refocused around customer service and invested in aircrafts, sorting infrastructure, and technology, in order to compete with Fed Ex. Radically and successfully restructured. o Operations Hub in Louisville, KY, with 5 regional air hubs around the US.Speculated that UPS sorting and routing facilities were highly automated and employed the latest technology. Single fleet of trucks handled pi ckup and delivery of all UPS shipments. o Technology determined to match Fed Exs information collection capabilities, invested $3 billion in advanced technology between 1990 and 1995. Resulted in ability to track packages efficiently, deliver electronic inference of delivery, and offer money-back guarantee of on-time delivery. Internet site rivaled Fed Exs o Marketing Sales No marketing department before 1980, with little to no publicizing 1996, spent 80% more on media than Fed Ex People Culture owned by managers and managed by owners privately owned, with received issued to company managers, and, as of 1995, nonmanagement employees as easily. Promote from within The Policy Book, emphasized management by consensus and an ethic of humility High takings kept labor-management relationships good. 1997, drivers among best paid, largely in part to union involvement. 16-day labor strike flooded competitors business. Resolution favored labor, with an increase in full-time positions, as well as full-time and part-time wages over a five-year period.Ramifications of strike included $700 million in deep in thought(p) revenue and poor reputation for absolute reliable delivery. o International Operations Invested heavily in developing global distribution network, and, even with high operating losses, seemed committed. Airborne Express Often overlooked, but developing faster than competitors in mid-1990s, with 16% of domestic express mail market in 1997. History o 1968, The Airborne Flower Traffic connecter of California (shipped fresh flowers from Hawaii to mainland) and Pacific Air Freight (delivered perishables to/from Alaska) interconnected to form Airborne Freight Corporation.Prior to Fed Ex, most successful in express mail industry. o Target business customer that on a regular basis shipped a large volume of urgent items, primarily to other business locations. Example Xerox Operations o Owned airport that served a major hub. Did not pay landing fees and no obstacles to tailoring the facility to its needs. However, did need to maintain airport itself, and did not share expenses with other airlines. o Leased warehouse space on airport property (Fed Ex and UPS offered warehousing options as well, bot not onsite at airport) o Sorting operations less automated, more human labor-intensive.Unions represented app. Half of workforce, including all pilots. o Fleets consisted primarily of used aircraft, built in 1960s and 1970s. Patented cargo containers did not require cargo door. Aircraft run app. 80% full (vs. competitors 65-70%). cost of flight did not vary by amount of cargo carried. o Shippers and recipients concentrated in metropolitan areas. o Greater portion of volume = afternoon and second-day deliveries, so could use trucks more than competitors (30% volume never on plane, vs Fed Exs 15%).. Cost of a truck 1/3 that of aircraft. Unlike competitors, did not maintain retail service centers and owned/operated only a portion of its deli very vans. Independent contractors 60-65% volume, and 10% less expensive than company-owned pick up and delivery. Technology o Invested selectively. let competitors test innovations and introduced themselves if clear benefit derived. o Freight On-Line Control and Update System (FOCUS) comparable to Fed Exs COSMOS o Offered high-volume shippers software which tied directly into FOCUS, allowing customers to track packages and to submit shipping info themselves as opposed to engaging service agents. Website not as comprehensive as competitors Marketing Sales o Did not say in mass media. Targeted logistics managers of major shippers via sales force. o Known for low prices o Mid-1990s, the flexible, solution-oriented express carrier with an ability to tailor its services to needs of large business customers. However, Fed Ex and UPS offered 8 am service to any customer for a surcharge, as well as claimed to be able to tailor services to customer needs too. People Culture o Humility International Operations o More lowly than Fed Ex and UPS. Used commercial airlines and local partners to complete shipments RPS blood o RPS targeted the ground transport needs of large-volume business customers, whittling at UPS customer base. Offered low prices, superior info and tracking capabilities. Tried to intro air operations, but folded after large losses. o Companies physical distribution systems remained separate. Cooperation in marketing process and sharing of shipment info. However, hinted at a enveloping(prenominal) alliance. Airbornes Future Postal Service had performed well during UPS strike and success seemed to reawaken its ambitions.Planned major advertising blitz to promote express services. Petitioning government to grant volume discounts. UPS was expected to make play to retrieve volume. UPS strike had shaken customers loyalty to a single company for shipping needs. - Case Analysisof Airborne Express 1. How and why has the structure of the express mail industry evolved in recent years? How have the changes affected small competitors? How has the rivalry between FedEx and UPS impacted them and the rest of the industry? Business and individuals spent $16-17 billion on express mail within the US in 1996.Shipment volumes had risen 15-20% per year for a decade. Services had proliferated by delivery time. Service is not limited to physical delivery. It also includes warehouseing services and logistics consulting services. Express Mail Industry 1. 16-17 billion on expedited shipments in US in 1996. 2. Shipment volumes had risen 15-20% per year for a decade. 3. Services had proliferated by delivery time. 4. Service is not limited to physical delivery. It also includes tracking services, warehouseing services, logistics consulting services and expedited customs clearance for international shipments. . tape transport companies competed on the basis of time-to-market, eg. increase volume shipped by and to each customer. 6. Customers concer n when choose a shipping service includes price, reliability, brand name, access to tracking, customer service, convenience of drop-off, and sheer habit. 7. Shipping companies owns vans, drivers, and aircrafts. They have hub airports. They employ the advanced logistic technology. 8. FedEx, UPS and Airborne were the Big tercet in the industry, together served more than 85% of the market. 9. Invested in global distribution system. 10.Originally set one price for every customer, evolved into distance pricing (ie. Lower prices for shorter distance deliveries) Different company target different markets. To survive, small company must find their differentiation in the industry (ie. DHL specialized in international shipping RPS specialized in ground transport 2 day deliveries). FedEx overnight delivery snipting-edge information and logistic technology Hubs customer self help aggressive marketing strategy no layoff policy bang-up customer services employees wide latitude of decision maki ng incentive pay employ both part time and full time international expansion.UPS ground services largest delivery company in the world followed FedEx to purchase their own aircraft started to advertising stock owned by managers and not for public trade employ both part time and full time international operation. Parcel Wars Fedex and UPS copied and essay to beat each other in pricing, products and services. When one lowered prices, the other followed and created some other promotion to outdo the offer. As a result, small companies need to find their specialty in the market. They will also have employ advanced technology and logistic system and provide great/special customer services. . How has Airborne survived, and recently prospered, in this industry? Airborne targeted the business customer that regularly shipped a large volume of urgent items, primarily to other business locations (mainly 50 metroplitans). They were known for their low prices. They cut cost in many ways having their own airport leasing warehouse space to customers hiring part-time employee purchasing used aircrafts load more per flight than rivals no retail service center using independent contractors a little bit late delivery time no advertising picking the technology after FedEx and UPS tested.They provided flexible, solution oriented service to customers. 3. fix Airbornes sources of advantage. Part-time salary is 7/hour, compared to FedExs 8/hour. Run aircraft 80% full, compared to typically 65-70%. 80-85% of the volume was shipped to 50 metropolitan, compared to FedExs 60% 30% of the volume was not shipped by airplanes, compared to FedExs 15%. The cost of a running a truck is 1/3 of the cost of owning and operating a similar amount of aircraft capacity. Use of independent contractors accounted for 60-65% of volume using contractors cost them 10% less than doing work themselves. No advertising cost. Drivers picked up more parcels than Fedex resulting in lower labor costs per unit by 20% for pickup and 10% for delivery. Besides, owning their own airport would a big advantage in control and operating cost. 4. What must Robert Brazier, Airbornes President and COO, do in order to strengthen the companys position? Provider recommendations that will strengthen Airbornes position in this industry.Evidently, Airborne needs to employee advanced technology and look for the global business. Robert Brazier needs to make sure that Airborne will still hold their advantages in the global business. 5. In retrospect, we know that Airbornes position was not sustainable and the company was acquired by DHL. What were early clues about the lack of Airbornes sustainability? Will the DHL/Airborne combining be an effective competitior against FedEx and UPS? One early clue less efficient that Fedex/UPS in on-time deliveries. Should have invested more in technology. Lack of global vision/awareness.Inability to adapt to market 80% of volume delivered to major metropolitan are as, not servicing ALL customers. Did not take full advantage of probability with RPS deal kept arms length deal. Should have leveraged relationship to increase technology and cust base to gain market share. The DHL/Airborne combination could be an effective competitor again FedEx and UPS, although they have their own specialty and targeting markets. DHL does well in the international market, but its domestic business is not strong. Airborne and DHL could be a strong plus to each other.

Billy Joel Business Ethics and Law Case Study

he-goat Joel decided he wanted to learn to piddle the violin for his neighboring set of concerts. He cal take a violin cut-rate salesman in New York and asked if he had any for sale. The salesman utter he had a Stradivarius and a Guarnerius ( 2 famous brands of violins) and proposeed to sell them to baton for $80,000 and $24,000, respectively. he-goat hold, over the ph unmatchable, to purchase the violins from the salesman and told him he would be in town the next week to pick them up.Billy didnt show up for two months, and when he entered the store, the salesman wasnt there. His wife, Margaret, was there in the store, however, and she had all-inclusive knowledge of the wangle cut between her keep up and Billy. (Shed heard her husband whining, complaining, and wailing about Billy non showing up for the conk out 2 months and she was really sick of hearing about it.)Billy asked to overtake the violins, and Margaret showed him two of them. Billy stated he would agree to pay $65,000 for both of them, and Margaret, knowing that they were counterfeits and unaccompanied worth $2,000 AND realizing that their house was about to go into foreclosure, agreed to the reduction in price and sell Billy the two violins for $65,000. She gave him a bill of sale that she wrote out on a none explode on the counter, which said, Paid in full. Strativarus and Granruius violans. $65,000. Chk 4301 Billy Joel. Salesperson Margaret Madoff. The notepad was one she had brought fireside from their last vacation to Las Vegas and was from The Flamingo hotel there. Billy took home the violins and proceeded to learn to play, albeit very poor peoplely.Meanwhile, the salesman discovers that Margaret sold the violins for less than he had bargained for. He works Billy Joel for the $39,000 difference, stating that Margaret was not an employee of the store and had no authority to change the deal he and Billy had made.During the pendency of the suit, and after his next concert, the newspapers stated, Billy Joel should give up playing the violin He stinks Billy takes his violins to a music store to sell them and discovers they are only worth $2,000 and that they are not Stradivarius and Guarnerius violins but are instead counterfeits.He wants to countersue the salesman and asks you on what basis throw out he do so. Using thin out, agency, and any other(a) legal concepts you engender learned this session, on what bases can Billy sue the salesman and his wife? What defenses go forth they have? Do you think Billy can recover? Further, will Margarets husband (his name is Bernard) be able to absorb against Billy for the difference in price from the original deal? rationalize your answer fully as to the whys, wherefores, and why nots for both parties. Use green goddess points and issue spotting to assist you in your answer.Case SolutionIn the above exemplar scenario, the oral contr bear that was made between the vender and the vendee are not binding in the apostrophize of legality in accordance to the contract law. As in the case the trafficker has been be met with the loss of settling for less that the agreed verbal contract holds. The offer that was made by the seller and recognized by the buyer was a partial fulfilment of the contract. The absent of proof that in movement an agreement was made between the two parties will made the court to rule in favour of Billy. This should hence be the basis of line of products that Billy can use.The sell of counterfeit commodities to a buyer in high prices is considered to be a crime. The use of this basis by Billy holds a chance of guaranteeing him victory. This will also help in the reclaiming of his cast as a performer indicating that it was the counterfeit pianos that lead to the earlier poor performance. It is hence imperative to state that through these bases Bill will have a strong strain in the court against the railway line persons.defense team to be used by the Business PersonsIt is paramount to note that the Bernard and Margaret as the business persons do not hold a strong case against Billy due to the lack proof of the contract that was made in this business transaction. The fact that Margaret facilitated the completion of the verbal business coitions with the sale of the piano at a rate that was lower than the initially accepted prices can be used to state that she was not a business individual. The recommended $ 39,000 difference that Bernard is seeking from Billy Joel with regards to the agreed price would be establish on the fact that the individual who facilitated the initial processes of the contract was not an authority.The army of the Extra MoneyThe initial prices that had been verbally quoted by the salesman where $ 80,000 for Stradivarius piano and $ 24,000 for the Guarnerius piano. The score price that was paid for during the selling traction was only $65,000 which was less by $ 39,000. The fact that the two pianos where deemed to be counterfeit with the total worth of only $ 2,000, the chances of the business personnel having a refund will be unfruitful. It would not be in parliamentary law for the court to rule in favour of the Bernard to attain the free funds by virtue that they had sold a product to their customer that was functioning properly that ended up denting his stunt man as a performer.The original deal made between the two parties was based on lies and hence should not be cemented with the pay of the extra unpaid funds. A refund for the already paid funds in terms of $ 65,000 should be made to the customer. In the analysis of this case, it has been ascertained that the belongings of physical proof for the contracts has to be met in any business relations. This will help in the smooth transition of the business activities (Larson, 2010).ContractIn this case, the business contract was made between two parties with an oral offer and acceptance of the buyer. Based on the agreement, the two pianos were to be purchased at the stated price of $104,000. The reasonable period to enforce the purchase was the agreed one week where Billy was to collect the items. This can be used against him by the seller stating that they did not stick to the original oral business contract. The act of the seller misinterpreting the worth of the two pianos was not lawful since it is prohibited by the federal government. The presence of the third party in the business relation (wife) led to the reformation of the contract a new price generated. This led to the promise made to be broken by the buyer in the presence of the third party.AgencyThe ostensible authority that is held by the wife of the seller to give the buyer a new business deal with the information she held about the fake nature of the pianos would be termed in order in the court if the two jointly owned the business. The fact that she was not gives the seller an upper hand in stating that the purchase was made on unfair terms without hi s knowledge. This gives a somewhat strong basis for argument in the quest to attain the $ 39,000 difference in payment that was not made.

Tackling Health Inequalities Teenage Pregnancy Health And Social Care Essay

Socio-economic inequalities in health have moved up the indemnity schedule and kinda than one attack in undertake adolescent gestation. These attacks cig bette be understood by guaranting an betterment to the health of the poorest of the low- start 1s, finished contracting the circularises mingled with those in the hapless beau monde and the affluent 1s that atomic number 18 to forge reliable, to turn toing the association between socio-economic place and health across the population ( Graham, 2004 ) . Public health policy in older industrial states is in a procedure of alteration. A narrow concern with progress population health is giving manner to a broader visual sense of the curios of policy. The broader vision combines a focal point on health addition with a committedness to restrict downing inequalities in its societal distri andion.This committedness is the infrastructure of the United Kingdom b argon-assed public health policies because England s new scheme seeks an betterment to the health of the lowest grade in society and besides narrow the break up. Tackling health inequalities is a nucleus driver of policy ( Secretary of State, 1999 ) . Development in the UK is in measure with that elsewhere in Europe. Here, the ends of public health policy have been redefined to give greater tension ( Gadikou E. E, Murray C. J and Frenk J, 2000 Chang W. C, 2002 ) to undertaking systematic differences in the health of advant discern alongd and blemishd of us that are sick, and some of us that are non. In so more surveies nigh undertaking wellness inequalities ( Braveman A, Krieger N and Lynch J, 2000 Marmot M, 2001 ) , it has been said that wellness inequalities are more widely understood to mention, non to fluctuations between persons, only when no differences between societal groups.In most states, including the UK, wellness inequalities are tachygraphy for socio-economic inequalities in wellness, whether measured at the person or are flat. wellness inequalities which relate to other constructions of discrepancy like gender or ethnicity are typically labeled in these footings as gender inequalities in wellness, cultural inequalities in wellness etc. to assure wellness inequalities is hence to concentrate unfairness ( Milburn A, 2001 ) . To undertake wellness inequalities in teenage gestation, so good wellness is the manner frontward to every person and non merely a peculiar group or set of people. Decreasing wellness disadvantages, contracting wellness spreads and diminishing wellness sides can be used to undertake wellness inequalities ( Graham, 2004 ) parturiency health InequalitiesThere has been a really enlarged sum of enquiry on the causes of wellness inequalities in the universe but less grounds on how to cut down, tackle or transport it to a deem. The major(ip) purpose of undertaking wellness inequalities is to construct a more equal distribution of wellness between the societal groups so that every single gets to benefits. health inequalities were known in the UK after the forbidding Report was published. The ominous Report showed that in that respect had been an betterment in wellness across societal categories with the aid of National wellness Scheme ( NHS ) . It is straighten that the simplest manner to undertake wellness inequalities is to better on the societal determiners of wellness in which the World Health Organization ( WHO ) defined the societal determiners of wellness as the spot in which people are born, turn, adapt, work and age including the wellness system. The figure below shows a sum-up of these conditions as proposed by Dahlgren and whitehead ( 1991 ) .Figure 1Dahlgren G. and Whitehead M. ( 1991 )In UK in the twelvemonth 1980 when the Black Report was foremost produced on the issues of wellness inequalities. Sir Michael Marmot who is an epidemiologist at University College London, published an article on the human relationship b etween wellness and spareness on the bonnie Society, Healthy Lives. He describe his article Fair Society as a societal gradient in wellness. Michael Marmot said that the causes of wellness inequalities includes spirit styles such as smoking which remains more common, drug maltreatment, fleshiness, is change magnitude fastest, adolescent gestation, amongst the hapless in England on the survey The Economist. Tackling wellness inequalities is described as a committedness to break the data link between poorness and sick wellness and also improve the wellness of the lowest category ( Millburn A, 2001 ) .Reducing Health DisadvantagesAt one terminal of the continuum, wellness dissimilitude describes the hapless wellness of hapless groups and communities. Hansard ( 1998 ) said wellness divergence is the nexus between poorness and sick wellness. In this position, wellness in equivalence is a construct which captures the wellness effects of poorness. Health inequalities are the welln ess disadvantages which resoluteness from societal disadvantage. It is an apprehension of wellness inequalities which is in line with the authorities s committedness end to make wellness better to the hapless . It is an of trade policy end in which hapless groups and hapless communities endures rates of morbidness and mortality which the remainder of the population has left behind ( Townsend and Davidson, 1982 ONS, 2001 ) .There is a powerful moral instruction for undertaking these absolute wellness disadvantages. It is an statement which asserts that wellness is a basic look at which no 1 should be unnecessarily denied. It is a really simple freedom, the ability to last instead than yield to premature mortality . It is a moral place which puts the wellness of the ( planetary ) hapless at the top of the policy docket. World Health Organisation ( WHO, 1999 ) reported that first and first, there is a demand to cut down greatly the load of extra mortality and morbidity contract ed by the hapless . In a state every bit rich as the UK, there are few who would non see the hapless wellness of hapless communities as compromising the simple freedom to last. Average criterions of wellness achieved two decennaries ago should be accomplishable by the poorest now.Specifying wellness inequalities as wellness disadvantages aligns public wellness policy with other elements of the authorities s public assistance programme. It provides a span between the public wellness and societal exclusion docket, maneuvering both towards intercessions targeted at groups vulnerable to societal disadvantage. However, musical composition offering policy advantages, specifying wellness inequalities as wellness a disadvantage is non without its jobs. It turns socio-economic inequality from a construction which impacts on all to a status to which merely those at the underside are exposed. It is the lowest socio-economic groups and the poorest communities who are suffer the result , heal th inequalities which is the life style of the people and from low income, hapless instruction, bad lodging, poorness, pollution, low educational criterions, and joblessness ( DoH, 1998 ) . First, undertaking wellness inequality is non a population broad scheme but it is one confined to sub-groups which make up a comparatively little proportion of the population. Second, undertaking wellness inequality does non widen to conveying degrees of wellness in the poorest groups closer to the depicted object norm. In a society where overall rates of wellness are bettering, absolute betterments in their wellness possibly sufficient to contract the spread between the worst and better away. As a consequence, better wellness among the poorest group has been associated with a widening spread in life outlook between the underside and the top.Narrowing Health GapsAt the mid-point on the continuum is a place which focuses non merely on the hapless wellness of hapless groups but besides on their wellness relation to other groups. Here, wellness inequalities are defined in footings of wellness spreads. The Chief Medical Officer ( CMO England, 2001 ) refers to wellness inequality in footings of the spread in wellness between the crush off and the worst off in the society . The marks for undertaking wellness inequalities, nevertheless, follow a different preparation of the wellness spread in footings of the wellness derived functions ( DoH, 2001 ) those in the poorest fortunes and the norm for the population. The wellness spread is a step of wellness inequality widely used in research to compare the wellness of those at the utmost terminals of the socio-economic hierarchy. This construct of wellness inequality is an of signification driver for policy which draws tending to the fact that population norms sham broad differences in wellness between societal groups. The moral illustrate for turn toing wellness spreads is enshrined in the fundamental law of the World Health O rganisation ( WHO ) . It suggests that, in any given society, those in the best wellness set a criterion which all should be able to bask. If this is so, it is those in the poorest groups who face the most profound denial of their cardinal human expert. This has been an of import focal point of equity-oriented public wellness schemes and in England, wellness inequality marks are wellness spreads marks ( Botting, 2007 ) .Narrowing wellness spreads hence represents a more ambitious end than rectifying wellness disadvantages. This measure/ ideal of wellness inequality is an of import driver for policy devising which magnets attending to the fact that the society norms mask broad differences in wellness between groups. As the national norm improves, contracting spreads requires particular attempts to guarantee that figures ( DoH, 2002 ) are non merely maintaining up, but shuting the inequality spread.Reducing wellness gradientsTo foster the continuum, wellness inequalities as an issue in the UK and other European states is non merely about the differences in wellness between the good, the bad and the ugly but alternatively, the relationship between socio-economic place and wellness in a systematic manner. lessening in wellness gradients have endured across epidemiological periods, cogent render in the nineteenth century where infectious/communicable diseases were truly the major cause of decease but now, chronic or Cardio-Vascular disease ( CVD ) diseases has come to remain to take over.Health inequalities follow a societal gradient and to undertake this socio-economic gradient in wellness is truly a thought-provoking policy ( DoH, 2002 ) . The moral instance for undertaking socio-economic gradients lies in the moral equality of people with regard to wellness and merely as World Health Organization fundamental law provinces, the highest come-at-able criterions of wellness ( WHO, 1948 ) should favor everybody no matter the coloring material, race, faith, beli ef, socio and economic conditions and this rule has long guided Public wellness in England. A socio-economic derived function has a focal point compared to societal disadvantages which widens the frame of wellness inequality policy in three shipwayThe research for what causes wellness inequality in the society in a systematic difference in life opportunities, the sort of life styles they outlive and living criterions with people s unequal places in the socio-economic hierarchyUndertaking wellness inequalities becomes a population-wide end to bettering wellness which involves everybody.Reducing wellness gradients provides a comprehensive end to one that subsumes rectifying disadvantages and contracting wellness spreads within the broader end across socio-economic groups.Decrease in socio-economic gradient in teenage gestation, there should be an improve at a faster rate to wellness in other socio-economic groups and policies to rectify wellness disadvantages, shuting the wellness s preads and cut down wellness gradients need to be pursued in tandem.DecisionThe write up of wellness inequality is clear because the poorer you are, the more likely you are to be sick and to decease younger. The recent rise in adolescent gestation rates calls for pressing action to cut down or halt the rise and besides originate a lessening in these rates. To efficaciously undertake teenage gestation, wellness inequalities related to teenage gestation demand to be tackled the root cause of these inequalities need to be tackled. Health inequalities impinge on everyone and are evitable ( Woodward & A kawachi, 2000 ) . Health inequalities are besides increasingly been seen as an unfairness ( Graham, 2004 ) . In other words, good wellness is the right of every person and non merely for a peculiar group or groups of people. These constructs which can be used to undertake wellness inequalities can be complementary instead than reciprocally sole.

New York Yankees Essay

Ever since they became an official organization in 1903, the New York Yankees hurl established themselves as one of the worlds top version organizations. As a Major alliance Baseball team, they comport historically achieved the ultimate goal of pull aheadning the World Series and have gained sports fans and dinero in the process. With thirty-one different passenger vehicles, the Yankees have win a innate of 26 World Series and have built a fan base across the globe (New, 2008). Nowadays, the organization tear down specifys annually revenue close to 300 million dollars (Cohen, 2007).I chose this organization because I believe that their structure and management style is the definition of success. I pull up stakes apply most of the methods and concepts from the book and from class to the Yankees, and I will wrangle why I moot them to be one of the worlds greatest sport organizations today. First, when analyzing the New York Yankees from a film directorial perspective, it is great to consider the structure and management style of the organization.For example, the New York Yankees have three levels of motorcoachs the possessor or executive manager who monitors the commerce environment (George Steinbrenner), the general manager or middle manager who negotiates and controls player transactions (Brian Cashman), and the field manager or first-line supervisor who supervises individuals within the organization (Joe Girardi). For them to be successful, all of these move need to work together and form a systems-based organization.In this point-blank system, where everything is relatively open to the influences of the environment in which it lives (Chelladurai, 2005), Steinbrenner is able to react to the goals, structures, and processes of the organization, as well as employers, customers, and so forth. Even though the Yankees did not make the playoffs this year, it is easy to see how the system is successful. All of the managers perform certain task s, few of which include planning, organizing, leading, and evaluating. Each of these levels do these things for different time frames.When discussing the roles of the Yankee managers, it is important to note that all of them have been successful. Brian Cashman has a large decisional role because he has to make the correct decisions for the fans to be content and the team to win. Back when the Yankees won several consecutive championships in the 90s, Joe Torre (field manager) was a leader of the team with dainty human skills. He was able to interact with his players in a carriage that allowed them to perform at or above their potential, and he also had an marvelous amount of knowledge for the types of players he needed to succeed.The owner and general manager had good technical and conceptual skills because it was important that they plan, evaluate, and organize the formation of a successful organization. They had to evaluate the existing organization, plan what players to trade for, and organize the business matters. I know that the organizations main goal is to win national championships, but they also want to be effective and efficient in doing so. When the owner George Steinbrenner goes out and gets all-star caliber players to win the Ameri bottom of the inning League East division and the World Series, he has to pay a rotary of specie in order to attract them to his team.In terms of existence a successful leader, it is obvious that George Steinbrenner exerts influence in a vogue that achieves the organizations goals by enhancing the productivity and satisfaction of the work military unit (Chelladurai, 2005) because he is trying to achieve his goals by getting the scoop out players in the league and making his team much productive. It has been known that George Steinbrenner spends the most money on his players in the league, so the efficiency of the team is minimized even though they have the largest fan base out of any organization.The effectiv eness, however, in drawing the support of fans, emotionally and economically, is maximized, since the people want to see the best teams with the best athletes play. In 2004, by the completion of the season, which saw Joe Torre at its maneuver for his ninth season, the New York Yankees had set a new team write down for largest team attendance thanks to 3,775,292 loyal fans who attended home games at Yankee Stadium (New, 2008). You can see here how common the organization has become, and I can only imagine how much more money it can make in the future.In conclusion, I have analyzed an organization that I felt would help me understand the concepts and methods that are associated with sport management. Based on the structure and personnel of the New York Yankees baseball club now and in the past, I classify it as existence one of the worlds most successful organizations. This statement can only be judged by the results that have accompanied the Yankees ever since its inception, twe nty-six championships and a world-wide fan base.

Path-Goal Theory Essay

Purpose lead is the key to the success of organizations, businesses or man-to-mans. time the draws argon important, so ar the subordinates. This name digs doubtful into the attractor-subordinate relationships, what are the expectations from the leader, what are the contrary kind of leading miens and how each styles impacts the subordinates. in that location have been immense amount of researches done on the topic of leadership and impact on subordinates.One theory Expectancy theory states that and individuals attitude (eg. Satisfaction with supervision or origin delight) or port (e.g. leader behavior or job effort) can be predicted from 1) the degree to which the job or behavior is seen as leading to various breakcomes (expectancy and 2) the evaluation of these outcomes. Our interest on any project basically depends on the expected outcome. I want to relate this theory to a different kind of topic. I have observed, peoples passion for a certain pauperization goes do wn after they dont see an outcome from the authorities. A severe example could be the Immigration Protests. The proponents of path to citizenship and illegal aliens did protests and so forth several times between 2008-2011. These protests were much common and passionate in President Obamas previous tenure.But since nothing has come out even after several years of unrelenting protests, debates and voting on numerous immigration bills in the congress, I note now that they are exhausted and not very positive this time around. The Path-Goal Theory of leading suggests that effective leadership affects subordinates motivation and their ability to perform. The theory proposes that leaders behavior is accept equal to subordinates as far as it is a source of satisfaction also leaders behavior is motivational for the subordinates if it helps the subordinates to perform better or it provides coaching, guidance, support or reward for effective exercise.Considering these propositions Path-G oal theory suggest that leaders main functions are to enhance subordinates motivation to perform, satisfaction with the job and acceptance of the leader. Leaders Function Path-Goal Theory and other leadership-Subordinate theories describes on that point are several strategic function of the leader which consists of 1) recognize and depend on subordinates needs for outcomes over which the leader has some control. 2) Setup a honor system after makement of certain objectives 3) Make the path to achieve easier by participation, or supporting them4) remove barriers 5) Give more opportunities that motivates them. Leadership Behavior There are four important leadership behaviors that are discussed in the article, Supportive, directive, participative and achievement oriented. The research suggested that supportive leadership works trounce in the stressful & frustrating conditions also when the tasks given to subordinates are not satisfying. Leaders directiveness is found to be positive when tasks are enigmatic and directions are not clear.In this scenario subordinates gets education from the directions and have more information how to achieve the task while directive nature of the leadership has a negative effect when the tasks are clear, it kind-of frustrates the subordinates. A study by House, valence and Van Der Krabben suggested that Achievement Oriented leadership, has positive effects on the workers who does non-repetitive and ambiguous jobs, the reason behind workers satisfaction could be their belief that unattackable performance could mean better payoffs. While it seems that Achievement-oriented leadership has no or very little effect on the subordinates who does repetitive or intelligibly outlined tasks.There is one more reason that is provided in the article is about the nature of the people who does non-repetitive and more ambiguous jobs. These people may be IT professionals or white collar jobs who may get more flexibility and autonomy while wor king for achievement-oriented tasks. Mitchell described four shipway in which Participative Leadership affects subordinates behavior, first a participative climate increases the clarity of the tasks, organizational contingencies etc. Secondly it gives a choice to the subordinates to pick their goals they are able to see what they value more and how they can achieve it.Thirdly when the leader participates with the subordinates they get more involved in the process and subordinates get more ownership of the work. The fourth impact is a result of the third point, when subordinates starts to feel to get ownership of the work, then they starts feeling the pressure for high performance due to inner conscience. I think it is a very good article as it is very relevant to our daily work be it professional or personal challenges. It clearly shows the path for the leadership style you should take for managing your subordinates and ultimately reach your organizations and your personal goals.1 )Discussion groundwork people, who hold certain record traits, fit in situation where a different kind of leadership is required? For example a micromanager, who has a directive nature, will he be able to fit in the situation where the subordinates job is stressful and tasks are dissatisfying. 2)How can these researches be employ when companies are hiring managers? Do they need to first layout the kind of the work guild does and then they should interview people and try to find out the personality traits and their leadership style and then map it with what is best for the organizations environment. 3)Can there be leaders who have all the leadership styles ie. Directive, Supportive, Participative and Achievement Oriented?

How Personal Differences and Preference Can Impact Organizational Ethics Essay

1. Discuss how personal leavings and sense of taste can impact organisational ethics. Ethics norms for conduct be that signal between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Also ethics is one of the valuable things in any tolerant of organization, and there are values and principles that sustain individuals distinguish rightfield from wrong. Ethics depend on personality such as every single person has their possess personality which base on culture and the way person was raised. Most of the human bear their parents behavior. They watch how their parents act in this or another military post and the said(prenominal) thing they entrust do in the future. On the other hand, or so mountain refused to respond this behavior and just f all(prenominal)ow their own personality. In the broadest sense, ethics refers to the study of moral values, principles, and rules, including the determination of standards of conduct and obligations for individuals and organizations.Although mos t mint acquire their sense of right and wrong during childhood, moral development occurs passim aliveness and human beings pass through different stages of growth as they mature. ain differences and preference can impact organisational ethics no matter where you are going to turn tail in the world you will come across a multitude of individual differences and preferences. An individual difference does not affect the individual alone, yet everyone around them in an organization. In an organization, there is no way an individual can be bent-grass the same way as the other employees because everyones personality is difference. Personal differences and preference in organizations also demonstrate the standard of ethics held by those shaping the culture whether that standard is articulated in an ethics manual(a) or deduced from behavior, or made visible in the gap between the ii.Think of an organization as another being with its own set of ethics, which may or may not coincide with each employees ethics. While its true that organizations are run by people, organizational cultures (and market standards) often seem to take on a life of their own, thus influencing or regulating the behavior of the vast majority of people in them. Interestingly, in an InformationWeek Research survey of 250 Information-Technology and origin professionals, only 54-percent severalise they have a personal rule for evaluating the ethical and moral implications of business decisions.Of those who do, 67-percent offer its establish on their come withs code of conduct only personal experience polled higher (70%). Other studies come out that more and morecompanies are appointing ethics officers, while high percentages of their employees say they routinely observe unethical behavior at hightail it and are fearful of reporting it.2. Discuss how organizational policies and procedures can impact ethics. organisational policies and procedures can impact ethics because good they sh ould be developed and based on good moral ethics. It is an organizations expectation that its employees will know the policies and weather by them. Organizational policies and procedures are usually depending on a film of caller-up. A guide circulates to the employees witch considered right or wrong. He or she often plays a positive role to shake a immobile gild in ethics and behavior. However, it can also have a negative effect on employees behavior which follows organizational ethics. For example, most of the companies make water organizational policies and procedures which help employees to do the right decisions. This kind of companies which have organizational policies inspires their employees to do better work and as a result they stick out a higher position in performance and profits.Also this mode make employees make there goals what they planned to rich however all these benefits strengthen the relationship between the organization and all those involved forthwit h or indirectly to its activities. On the other hand, some time in companies you meet people who try to involved organizational politics and procedures, and this kind of personality is a problem for organization. It is because they think organizational politics and procedures of company dont impact in their personality. Individuals like this can in the end bring a company to bankruptcy. For instance, an employee that does not agree with a companys policy on property rights may decide to communicate confidential information to a competitor. In brief, organizational policies and procedures are serious for any company. It will help managers to do the job and employees will make right decisions.3. Discuss the ethical plights that Valerie is facing.Valeria Young was a marketing manager at an international cosmetics and fragrance company Wisson. Valerie did not have a U.S. green card, only a special working visa, which allows nonU.S. citizens with unique skills to work in this country for a certain amount of time. Also, the company whichshe was work on it sponsored her for master degree in Chicago University. The ethical dilemma what Valeria had been facing in Wisson that while she was working there, and she discovered that her boss had been receiving kickbacks from the two fragrance companies around $35.000. This situation was stressful for her because she didnt know what the right decision. She asked herself should she sacrifice her carrier, education, status, and her coworkers future for unethical behavior of her boss.The decision she made would square off her co-workers lives as well as her own. What about ethics? The manager of company Wisson Lionel Waters was a constant example of how not to be ethical in handling business and employees. Instead of being a attractor who would help activate ethics mindfulness in others, he was the pivotal opposite. Some time he canceled meetings or did not show up at all, some of the companys money was spent for his own good. Waters had never care about his employees or their jobs, all what was he care about it his own successes. To know all of this it was a secure decision for Valeria, she wished she had never seen those papers. It would have been much easier for her to continue her work as usual. 4. Recommend what Valerie should do.Valerie situation is reminding me of immigrants and international students like me. I consider myself to knockout ethical person, but if I will in the same situation like she was, I probably will do the same thing. The ethical dilemmas that Valerie was facing were not only about right or wrong, but her decision would affect her job security, interpersonal relations at work, immigration status including her stay in the country, career development including education advancement, promotion, and economic conditions.

Individuation Process Essay

* Individuation work on the process of beeing aw atomic number 18 of superstarself and the sort to discover ones true, internal self. * concord to jungThe ego. This is the cognizant mind. * The ain unconscious. This includes forgotten or suppressed memories from our witness personal lives. * The collective unconscious. This is sh ared by only people. It is the collective memory of worldly c oncern thought and experience, from ancient to modern times. This includes the basic human instincts and the pilot lights. * The Self is that what we are in essence. In psychological terms, it includes the conscious, the unconscious, and the ego.The Self is the central exemplar in the collective unconscious, Archetypes The collective unconscious is shared by us all. This subject matter that it is present in each of us, a vast reservoir of the archetypes of the full-page of humanity. It is accessible to anyone. The collective unconscious consists of characteristics that many people h ave in common and which each of us inherit at birth. The content of the archetype is basically unconscious. It undergoes a trans physical bodyation when it becomes conscious or when it is being perceived. An archetype is experienced as image and as emotion.It is especially recognizable in such typical and important human situations as birth and death, adolescence, entire fear or a fearful experience. During such deportment phases and experiences archetypes leave often appear clearly in dreams Archetypes cannot be brushed aside. They go forth always manifest. Individuation Individuation means that one becomes a person, an individual, a totally integrated personality. It is a process of self realization during which one integrates those contents of the psyche that have the ability to become conscious.It is a hunt club for totality. It is an experience that could be formulated as the discovery of the divine in yourself, or the discovery of the totality of your Self. This does not always happen without pain, entirely it is necessary to accept many things that normally we would shy away from. once a person has accepted the contents of his unconsciousness and has reached the goal of the identity process, he is conscious of his relationships with everything that lives, with the entire cosmos.The individuation process begins with becoming conscious of the Persona, the mask we take on in our every day life. afterwards this we become conscious of the Shadow, the repressed characteristics of the ego. Then we become conscious of the Anima, the inner char in each man, or the Animus, the inner man in each woman. Then the image of the former(a)ish bracing man, or the old wise mother appears, after which the experience of the Self happens. The shadows The Shadow is all those uncivilized desires and emotions that are incompatible with the norms of society and with our ideal personality.It is all we are ashamed of, that we do not wish to be. when confronted with yh e shadow we feel offense and shame for the parts of ourselves which we keek hidden. The Anima is the female aspect present in every man. Another anima trick is pseudo-intellectual dialogs which prevents a man from feeling life intimately and coming to real decisions. He thinks so much about life that he cannot live, and he losses all spontaneity and the flow of life. The biased aspect will most likely appear when a man has suppressed or underestimated his female nature, treating women with contempt or carelessness.The Animus The bad blood in women is the counterpart of the anima in men. Like the anima, the animus has three grow the collective image of a man that a woman acquires, her own experiences with men in her life, and the latent male principle in herself. The doddering Wise Man The old wise man appears in the form of king, hero, medicine man, savior, magician, saint, ruler over man and spirits, Gods close-hauled friend and so on. This archetype is a real danger for the personality, because once it has been aroused, a man can easily believe that he possesses mana, real magical power, and firmness.He who is possessed by this archetype believes he is bright with cracking (maybe esoteric) wisdom, prophetic gifts, the ability to heal and so on. Such a man can gather followers, as he has entered the unconscious way further than anybody else. The archetype has a fascinating power, intuitively felt by people and not easily resisted. They are fascinated by what he is saying, but after analysis it is often not intelligent. The power of the old wise man can be destructive as it forces a man to act above his power and capacity. He does not posses the wisdom he claims.In reality it is the voice of the unconscious that should be subjected to review and analysis. The Great Mother In a woman the archetype of the great mother acts in a similar way to the old wise man in a man. Any woman possessed by this archetype, believes that she is gifted with an unlimite d capacity to love and to understand, to help and to protect, and she will corrode herself in service to others. The archetype can be destructive when the woman is fixated on the belief that anybody within her sphere of influence are her children and indeed they are helpless or dependent on her.

Red Riding Hood Essay

How would you categorize the organise of view e. g. , first-somebody, second-person (i. e. , you), third-person limited, third-person omniscient? * Is the nous of view consistent throughout the apologue (told from the same(p) perspective), or does it shift at any tiers in the narrative? If so, dedicate note of when and how those changes occur. ) * How does point of view shape your reading of the work? In what ways does it contribute to or detract from your reading of the work? *How does point of view relate to the storys themes or content? Your sign post should be at least(prenominal) 150 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the text, and properly cite any references. Respond to at least two of your classmates posts by Day 7. I chose to analyze small-minded crimson Riding Hood. The point of view is third person limited. The story is narrated as though the writer was watching everywhere and re give tongue toing the story as it takes place. The point of vie w is consistent throughout its entirety. There is quoted dialogue from each character, in particular when Little Red Riding Hood arrives at the Grandmothers house and is comparing the f play outures of the Wolf to the Grandmother. I struggled to remove the images I accommodate stored in my mind from the storybook that I read of this over and over as a small child.I remember that in the picture-book the Wolf was drooling over Little Red Riding Hood because he was planning to eat her. The innocence of Little Red Riding Hood prevails as she continues to stop questioning Wolf about his features like the size of his hands, ears and eventually his mouth. I dont know if it seems to change POV during this part of the story or if it because in my mind I no long hear a narrators voice. It may also be due to this universe the climax of the story.I just felt it was important to note that illustrate as I read the story. I feel that third person limited point of view is a perfect way to tell this type of story as long as the author is competent to portray the characters nature well before the story is underway. For instance, if the reader is not informed that in some way that Little Red Riding hood is an innocent and compliant little lady friend (protagonist) and that the nature of a wolf (antagonist) is to kill and eat his prey by any means available, then the entire meaning may be misconstrued.

Active Euthanasia

Active euthanasia or physicians assisted suicide should be legal in the ethical process that the organization, Dignitas performs it. The process in summation, consists of a person who is terminally ill and in excruciating pain, contacting the organization, becoming a member by fee, and submitting medical documents with diagnosis from a medical professional including those from a therapist, to a Dignitas physician. The elected physician then checks whether or non the member is competent for active euthanasia and a prescription for the drug sodium pentobarbital sodium is written for the patient/member and administered in Zurich, Switzerland.Any controversy or disagreements with the defined process arise mostly from misconceptions by the public. Ludwig Minelli, founder of Dignitas states, The whole restitution is not in the public field. It is covered by a taboo, and we should plow about it. The topic of Active euthanasia should be further explored and dissected by those who disa gree with it. Active euthanasia should be legalized because it gives those in insufferable pain the chance to end their suffering, we are exposed to legal substances that already induce death, and the right to life should also mean the right to decide when to end that life.When people approach death, they often cling to the idea of a peaceful death. Unfortunately, not everyone experiences a peaceful death. It is a gamble of spate in most instances, but what about in the case of an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient? The persons body is slowly deteriorating, they lose the aptitude to speak, swallow, move their body, and eventually spread abroad. If an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient is dying before our eyes, they whitethorn facial gesture peaceful, but how can we be sure theyre not suffering in pure agony if they cant communicate?For people like Craig Ewert, a 59 year old ALS victim, the option of euthanasia should be on the table. He pleads, What may look peaceful from the outside does not necessarily reflect the internal kind state of the person. Lets face it, when youre comp permitely paralyzed,cant talk,cant move your eyes, cant move your arms, how do you let somebody know youre suffering? They look at you, and youre still. And usually, we associate suffering with people kind of rolling around and breathing out Ow,ow,ow. .. Theres none of that. Gee, it must be peaceful.

The Impact of Video Games on Children Essay

Video halts fool been ready(prenominal) to consumers for the last 30 years. They are a unique form of entertainment, because they encourage players to become a part of the bouncys script. Todays sophisticated moving picture plays require players to pay constant attention to the second, rather than passively watching a movie. This has both positive and negative trespasss on players. Several studies have been published that explore these impacts on todays electric shaverren. Sections What impact does contend television receiver bizs have on sm completely fryren or childishs? Tips on managing your childs media consumptionThe Entertainment software package Rating Board (ESRB) References What impact does performing image adventures have on children or adolescents? The most widely use positive impact video games are said to have on children is that they whitethorn improve a players manual sleight and computer literacy. Ever-improving technology also provides players wi th better graphics that give a much realistic virtual playacting experience. This quality makes the video game industry a powerful force in many adolescent lives. However, numerous studies show that video games, oddly ones with godforsaken national, make teens more offensive.Part of the increase in aggressive behavior is linked to the do of time children are allowed to play video games. In one select by Walsh (2000), a majority of teens admitted that their parents do not impose a time limit on the name of hours they are allowed to play video games. The study also showed that most parents are unaware of the content or the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) pass judgment (see below) of the video games their children play. In another study conducted by Gentile, Lynch, Linder & Walsh (2004, p.6) adolescent girls played video games for an medium of 5 hours a week, whereas boys averaged 13 hours a week. The authors also give tongue to that teens who play violent video games for extended periods of time Tend to be more aggressive Are more prone to confrontation with their teachers whitethorn engage in fights with their peers See a decline in naturalize achievements. (Gentile et al, 2004). The interactive quality of video games differs from passively viewing television or movies because it allows players to become active participants in the games script.Players benefit from loving in acts of violence and are indeed able to move to the games next level. Gentile & Anderson (2003) state that playing video games may increase aggressive behavior because violent acts are continually tell throughout the video game. This method of repetition has long been considered an effective teaching method method in reinforcing learning patterns. Video games also encourage players to come upon with and role play their favorite characters.This is referred to as a first-person video game (Anderson & Dill, 2000, p. 788) because players are able to make decisions af fecting the actions of the character they are imitating. afterward a limited amount of time playing a violent video game, a player can automatically prime aggressive thoughts (Bushman & Anderson, 2002, p. 1680). The researchers concluded that players who had prior experience playing violent video games responded with an change magnitude level of aggression when they encountered confrontation (Bushman & Anderson, 2002).In a Joint recital (2000) before the Congressional commonplace Health Summit, a number of American medical associations the American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics, American psychological Association, American Academy of Family Physicians and American Academy of Child & Adolescent psychological medicine caution parents round violence in the media and its negative effect on children. Their report states that exposure to violent media can elevate aggressive feelings and thoughts, e particularly in children. These effects on aggressive behavior can be long-term.Although fewer studies have been conducted on interactive video games, evidence suggests that playing violent video games may have a more hammy influence on the behavior of children and adolescents (Joint mastery, 2000). Back to meridian Tips on managing your childs media consumption Because of the popularity of video games, completely eliminating them from your childs intent might be difficult. But you can decrease the negative impact that they have on your child. Here are a few tips realise the rating of the video games your child plays (see below). Do not install video game equipment in your childs bedroom.Set limits on how ofttimes and how long your child is allowed to play video games. Monitor all of your childs media consumption video games, television, movies and profit. Supervise your childs Internet use there are now many video games available for playing online. Take the time to discuss with your children the games they are playing or other media t hey are watching. Ask your children how they feel about what they observe in these video games, television programs or movies. This is an opportunity to share your feelings and grow surrounding(prenominal) with your child.Share with other parents information about certain games or ideas for service of process each other in parenting. Back to top The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) The ESRB is a self-regulatory body established in 1994 by the Interactive Digital Software Association (IDSA). The major video game manufacturers created this board after concerned groups applied pressure over the content of video games. Similar to the movie industrys rating system, all major game companies now submit their new products for rating to specially trained raters at the ESRB. The ESRB rates over 1,000 games per year.The ESRB looks at a number of factors when rating games. In particular, it considers the amount of violence, sex, controversial language and substance laugh at found i n a game. Based on its developed guidelines, the ESRB then gives an age recommendation and content descriptor to each game submitted. The hobby are the rating symbols currently in use, according to the ESRB Web site. archeozoic Childhood (EC) field of study should be suitable for children 3 years and of age(p) and contain no objectionable material. Everyone (E) Content suitable for persons ages 6 and older. The game may contain minimal violenceand some comic mischief. teenager (T) Content suitable for persons ages 13 and older. Content is more violent than (E) rating and contains mild or strong language, and/or suggestive themes. Mature (M) Content suitable for persons ages 17 and older. Content definitely has more mature intimate themes, intense violence and stronger language. Adults Only (AO) Content suitable only for adults and may contain graphic sex and/or violence. Adult Only products are not intended for persons under the age of 18. Rating Pending (RP) feeble has been submitted to the ESRB and is awaiting a final rating.The ESRB Web site has more details about this rating system, as well as the content descriptors that are utilize in conjunction with the ratings on game packaging. The site is also helpful for parents who want to search for the rating of a particular game. Back to top References Bushman, B. & Anderson, C. (2002). Violent Video Games and Hostile Expectations A Test of the General onset Model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1679-1686. Gentile, D. A. & Anderson, C. A. (2003). Violent video games The newest media violence hazard. In D. A. Gentile (Ed. ), Media violence and children.Westport, CT Praeger Publishing. Gentile, D. A. , Lynch, P. , Linder, J. & Walsh, D. (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 5-22. Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children Congressional Public Health Summ it. (July 26, 2000. ) Available http//www. aap. org/advocacy/ releases/jstmtevc. htm. Walsh, D. (2000). Interactive violence and children Testimony submitted to the commissioning on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate. (March 21, 2000.) Back to top Source http//www. pamf. org/preteen/parents/videogames. hypertext mark-up language By Andrea Norcia, college student source Reviewed by the Web Content perpetration of PAMF Additional articles Violent Video Games and Aggressive Behaviors, By Andrea Norcia, college student writer Join the conversation Website Feedback Site Map 2012 Palo Alto Medical Foundation. alone rights reserved. Sutter Health is a registered trademark of Sutter Health, Reg. U. S. Patent. & Trademark office. Serving communities nearly Palo Alto, Mountain View, Fremont, San Jose, San Francisco, Oakland, Dublin, San Mateo & Santa Cruz.

Comparison of the flood and the survey

Mankind often underestimates the origin of nature equalise The Flood and A Survey in the light of this statement A vista and The Flood ar two poesys which both use linguistic, rhythmic, structural and vocal tools to enounce the power of pure nature. They differ in many ways to that extent both, when delved into and studied, appear to agree that mankind does misjudge natures power. The titles themselves of these two poems indicate an rudimentary meaning.For example, The Flood highlights that the focus of this poem is something we might consider as fairly ordinary, unless John Clargon thinks it is in fact fascinating enough to write a lengthy oem about. A Survey rather than The Survey indicates that what happens in this poem happens again and again a bag which continues throughout this poem. The voice is tertiary person and impersonal and the t i of it is truly lyric, suggesting to us a campfire tune feel, which again displays that this is something that happens repeatedl y and continually.In contrast to this, The Flood, instead of a tone of lyrical mythology, has a personal voice and tone of immediacy. The constant imagery provided makes the reviewer feel as if they were there, instead of Just being told an old ives tale, same(p) the mood of A Survey. Interestingly, both poems contain a mix of other(prenominal) and present tense. This could suggest continuity in both, and the idea that nature, although both are describing a specific event in the past, is always present, and therefore is very(prenominal) powerful as it cannot be overcome. Each poem uses structure and punctuation mark very cleverly, but in opposite ways.For example, in The Flood, each(prenominal) line uses iambic pentameter and everything has a rhyme everything has a word someplace that rhymes with it. The poetises are 14 lines, similar to a sonnet, and the ast verse is even a perfect sonnet that rhymes correctly and finishes with a rhyming couplet. Like a river, it seems chao tic and long, but it technically obeys rhythmic rules. This could suggest to us that everything in nature has a purpose, and nature has its own balance, Just give care the theme of A Survey. This could be seen to agree with the statement as the sheer power of nature really comes through here.Contrariwise, Stafford uses rhyme differently. In every verse there is half and imperfect rhyme, but in the verse that negotiation about the field boot crew the epresentation of mankind interference- there is one perfect rhyme crew and two. This proposes the notion that the field boot crew lose tried to force a perfect rhyme upon nature, but it cursorily disintegrates into the fact that natures own natural rhythm, represented by the constant rhythm, flora by itself and doesnt need mans interference as it is powerful enough itself.Each stanza in A Survey fascinatingly kiboshs with a full blockage, not belongings in the theme of continuity the poem has so far displayed. This could be becaus e Stafford wanted to keep within the lyrical form of he poem. Differently, The Flood incorporates scantily any punctuation save some dashes and a full stop at the end. This again indicates an idea that nature will never end or be stopped, and is more powerful than man. The language is very different in the two poems. One is extravagant and descriptive whereas the other is, although report too, less vivid.However, one thing very prominent in A Survey is the contrasts and Juxtaposition use. In the first verse even, Juxtaposition is very obviously used crammed witn hysterical water tollowed by hushed by placid sands. Another example is the description of the wildcats- or the agents of nature- fit out the wildness of the land on one hand the animals are described with intricate lines of fur, finesse and tentative paws, then the temperateness and mountains are said to rakes buck and scream and the ridges are described to break hackles.This image of balance follows the theme of the r est of the poem. Contrast is used in a different way in The Flood, perhaps to indicate a dissimilar meaning. The start and end of The Flood is very chaotic verbs comparable dashing arred plunging oars are used to imitate the feel of a step on it river. However, the middle verse has a completely different atmosphere collect to the language used. The feather dances flutters and danced it oer the waves bring a different depict of calm.This could represent those small areas of calm sometimes found in bedlam. On the other hand The Flood can be seen as similar to A Survey because it also highlights the sense of natures own balance. Personification is used incredibly utilely, especially in the last verse, other monsters rise is particularly effective as it is strong magery, and describing the flood itself as restless, a humane emotion. This puts across the idea that nature has a life of its own like everybody else. Personification is also used to the same effect in A Survey.